Colorectal cancer, also known as colon cancer, ranks as the second most common cancer in the U.S. for both men and women. While it predominantly affects individuals aged 45 and older, younger people are increasingly being diagnosed. This cancer is particularly dangerous because it can develop without noticeable symptoms. Fortunately, early detection through screening can significantly reduce the risk.

Understanding Colorectal Cancer

Each year, nearly 150,000 Americans are diagnosed with colorectal cancer, which begins as abnormal tissue growth, known as polyps, in the colon or rectum. Screening tests can detect these polyps early, allowing doctors to remove them before they turn into cancer.

If not caught early, colorectal cancer can spread to other parts of the body. In advanced stages, when the cancer has spread to the liver, lungs, or other areas, chemotherapy, and in some patients, immunotherapy, become the main treatments.  These treatments can sometimes make surgery a viable option, improving both lifespan and quality of life.

Common symptoms of colorectal cancer include:

• Changes in bowel habits

• Blood in or on the stool

• Persistent diarrhea or constipation

• Abdominal pain, aches, or cramps that do not go away

• Unintentional weight loss

• Anemia, which can be detected by your primary care doctor

Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer

The likelihood of developing colorectal cancer increases with age, particularly for those 45 and older. Key risk factors include:

• Inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis

• Personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps

• Genetic syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome

Lifestyle factors that may elevate your risk include:

• Lack of regular physical activity

• A diet low in fruits and vegetables

• High-fat, low-fiber diet, or diet high in processed meats

• Overweight and obesity

• Alcohol consumption

• Tobacco use

Reducing Your Risk of Colorectal Cancer

The most effective way to lower your risk is to undergo regular screenings starting at age 45. Dr. Otieno, a medical oncologist who specializes in colon cancer treatment at the Methodist Cancer Institute notes, “A screening colonoscopy was previously recommended starting at the age of 50. However, due to rising cases in those under 50, the new recommended age for a screening colonoscopy is 45.”

The American Cancer Society reports that at least 18% of all cancers in the U.S. are linked to preventable factors such as excess body weight, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor nutrition. Avoiding tobacco, maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, and eating a balanced diet can significantly reduce your risk of developing or dying from cancer.

Take Action – Get Screened Today!

If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned, consult your doctor. While a colonoscopy is the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening, other options include virtual colonoscopies and stool tests. Discuss the best screening method for you with your primary care physician to determine.

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